

One of the problems with ethanol is how it reacts to water in the air and in the tank.
In the next few months, you will be hearing a lot about E-15 summer-blend fuels making their way to gas pumps across the country. E-15 uses more ethanol in its blend to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. No matter your political view, you must wonder what this means for engines.
If an O2 sensor is not reading properly or is borderline, it should be replaced regardless of its age or mileage.
The DPF is designed to store the soot and ash, to later burn them off during a regeneration cycle.
Just like a DPF, a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) traps and stores soot particles in the exhaust stream.
As miles accumulate, O2 sensors effectively “catch a cold,” meaning they can’t breathe like they should.
Reducing emissions to acceptable levels is achieved through a four-stage process.
To begin, an internal combustion engine creates heat energy by igniting a mixture of gasoline and atmospheric oxygen with a high-voltage spark.
It is not that the repair itself is overly complicated; it is the paperwork, laws and warranty issues that can be the real headache.
The catalyst efficiency monitor verifies that the catalytic converter is operating at a high enough efficiency rating to keep exhaust emissions within predetermined values. The PCM compares the signals from the upstream and downstream oxygen sensors to determine the state of the converter. These “tests” are called the readiness monitors.